Common Skin Issues in Australia: How the Sun and Environment Affect Your Skin

Australia's climate is different from most other parts of the world. The ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is higher here, and we have everything from hot, dry summers to humid tropical regions, dry inland areas and thousands of kilometres of wet coastline. These environmental factors can all affect the health of our skin — occasionally improving skin conditions, but more often increasing the risk of problems.

DermScreen Skin Check Sydney CBD

DermScreen was founded by a team of dermatologists concerned about the high prevalence of skin cancer in Australia. The clinics use skin examinations together with digital imaging technology to assist with the assessment and monitoring of skin lesions. Where appropriate, patients can also be referred for specialist dermatological review. DermScreen has clinics in Epping, Bondi Junction, Randwick and Sydney CBD.

Skin Cancer

Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world, with around two out of three Australians diagnosed with some form of skin cancer by the age of 70. The three main types are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. Long-term exposure to UV radiation is the leading cause of most skin cancers. This might come from regular sun exposure every day, or from a few episodes of severe sunburn, particularly during childhood. Regular skin checks, daily sun protection and becoming familiar with any new or changing moles remain the best ways to detect skin cancer early.

Moles and Precancerous Skin Changes

Most moles are harmless, but some can develop into melanoma. This is most often the result of UV exposure, though occasionally a mole that receives no UV light — for example, one between the toes or under clothing — can still turn cancerous. Any mole that changes in size, shape or colour, or begins to itch or bleed, should be assessed by a healthcare professional.

Solar Keratosis

Another common sun-related condition is actinic keratosis (solar keratosis). These small, rough, scaly patches develop after years of UV exposure and are considered precancerous, with a small proportion progressing into skin cancer over time. They can be removed by a dermatologist, usually with freezing (cryotherapy) or photodynamic therapy.

Sun-Induced Pigmentation

Pigmentation problems, including melasma, freckles and age spots, are extremely common in Australia due to cumulative sun exposure. UV radiation stimulates the production of melanin, causing existing pigmentation to darken and new pigmentation to develop. Daily use of a broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen, combined with a broad-brimmed hat and quality sunglasses, remains one of the most effective ways to prevent further pigmentation. Sun-induced pigmentation will sometimes respond to prescription creams, chemical peels or selected laser treatments following an appropriate skin assessment.

Rosacea

Rosacea affects many Australians and typically causes persistent facial redness, visible blood vessels and acne-like bumps. Unfortunately, sunlight is one of the most common triggers. Heat, hot weather and sudden temperature changes, spicy food, alcohol and caffeine can also trigger or aggravate it. Although there is no cure, symptoms can often be managed by avoiding known triggers, using gentle skincare products and protecting the skin from UV exposure every day.

Acne and Folliculitis

Many people notice their acne worsening during summer. Increased sweating, oil production and heavier sunscreen products can all contribute to blocked pores. Likewise, folliculitis can be more common in warm-weather conditions. This is where the hair follicles become inflamed or infected, producing small red bumps that resemble pimples. It may develop after prolonged sweating or exposure to poorly maintained pools and spas. Good hygiene, showering after exercise and using non-comedogenic skincare products may help reduce both conditions.

Fungal Skin Infections

Warm, humid environments provide ideal conditions for fungal infections such as tinea (ringworm), athlete's foot and other fungal rashes. These infections are much more common in tropical and northern Australia than in cooler, drier regions. Because fungal infections can resemble eczema or dermatitis, it is important to obtain an accurate diagnosis before starting treatment.

Keratosis Pilaris

Keratosis pilaris is a generally harmless condition in which tiny rough bumps appear on the skin, most often on the upper arms and thighs. Sunlight can reduce the appearance of keratosis pilaris to a certain extent, but this is not worth the risk of increased skin damage. Regular moisturising and gentle exfoliation usually provide the best results.

Eczema and Dry Skin

Australia's climate can affect eczema in different ways. Coastal humidity may improve symptoms for some people, while dry inland climates and indoor heating during winter can dry the skin and trigger flare-ups. Summer conditions can also present challenges — prolonged sun exposure, chlorinated pools, salt water and air conditioning may all contribute to dry, irritated skin if moisture is not replaced. Applying a fragrance-free moisturiser after showering, while the skin is still slightly damp, can help maintain the skin barrier.

Can Sunlight Ever Help?

Although excessive UV exposure is harmful, controlled amounts of sunlight can sometimes improve inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis by slowing the rapid growth of skin cells. However, the benefits of UV are quite small, vary between individuals and are therefore hard to predict. Deliberate sunbathing is not recommended, as the increased risk of skin cancer outweighs any possible benefit. Brief, early-morning sun exposure is fine, but anyone considering light-based therapies should seek professional medical advice.

Skin Affected by Coastal or Inland Living

Our skin can be noticeably affected by the environment. Coastal areas often expose skin to salt water, sea breezes and higher humidity. Some people with psoriasis notice temporary improvement after swimming in the ocean, while others with eczema may find salt water causes irritation or stinging. Rinsing off with fresh water after swimming and applying moisturiser can help reduce dryness. By contrast, inland regions of Australia are generally much drier. Low humidity, dust and extreme temperatures can increase moisture loss from the skin, making conditions such as eczema, dry skin and cracked skin more common.

Looking After Your Skin

Regardless of where you live, healthy skin starts with prevention. Wear a broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen every day, seek shade during peak UV periods, wear protective clothing and monitor your skin for any new or changing spots. Combined with a consistent skincare routine and regular skin checks where appropriate, these simple habits can help protect your skin throughout Australia's unique climate.